The American Civic War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States of America (USA), called the Union during this war, and the Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as Confederation. The main cause of the outbreak of the war, among many others, also of considerable importance, was the announcement of the Confederation's secession (secession) from the Union. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army began to be built. In the case of Unia, as in the South, one of the most important formations was the cavalry. Union cavalry units were formed into regiments, divided into companies of 100 men. Most often, a single regiment consisted of up to 10 companies. Squadrons consisting of 2-4 companies were often formed. It is estimated that during the Civil War, about 270 regiments of US Army cavalry were formed, almost twice as many as in the South! It is worth noting that later than in the South, the US cavalry began to be used to carry out independent missions of long-distance reconnaissance or classic cavalry raids. The basic weapon of a US cavalry soldier was most often the carbine Sharps, Smith, and from 1863 - also Spencer. The latter was a seven-shot rifle and made it possible to significantly increase the firepower of US cavalry units. The main melee weapon was a saber, and a model was often used The American Pattern of 1860 Light Cavalry Saber. It is worth adding that for a large part of the Civil War, the US cavalry was inferior to its counterpart in the South - it was much worse trained than it (especially when it comes to equestrian elements), it was characterized by lower morale, was also often less commanded and suffered higher losses in clashes. This state of affairs began to change in 1863.
The American Civic War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States of America (USA), called the Union during this war, and the Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as Confederation. The main cause of the outbreak of the war, among many others, also of considerable importance, was the announcement of the Confederation's secession (secession) from the Union. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army began to be built. In the case of the Union's army, field artillery was a very important formation - it is worth adding that the federal troops had an advantage over the Confederation at the beginning of the war, if only because of the much better possibilities of producing cannons and howitzers, as well as larger officers specializing in this weapon. The basic and smallest organizational unit was a battery often consisting of six guns. The aim was for a single battery to have guns of the same caliber and type, and to be composed of similarly trained people. The crew of one gun was very often composed of 8-12 people. The captain was at the head of the battery. The so-called artillery brigades, often consisting of 5 batteries, or 30 guns. A colonel was at the head of such a brigade. On the battlefield, the main task of the Union artillery was to support the defense or attack of its own infantry. At the end of the Civil War, the Union's artillery consisted of a total of approximately 3,320 guns, of which more than half (approximately 1,700 guns) belonged to field artillery. One of the main models of the cannon used by the federal artillery was the so-called Napoleon, a 12-pound smoothbore front-loading cannon with a firing range of approximately 1,800 meters. It is worth adding, however, that during the Civil War, the Union artillery also used Parrotta rifled cannons.
The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as the Confederation, were established in 1861, announcing their separation (secession) from the Union, ie the United States of America. This event, as well as many others, also of considerable importance, led to the outbreak of the bloodiest war in the history of the United States, known as the American Civic War, which was fought in the years 1861-1865. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army was being built. In the case of the Confederate Army, one of the key formations was cavalry. As in the north, the CSA cavalry was organized into regiments, divided into companies of 100 people. Most often, a single regiment consisted of up to 10 companies. With time, along with the battles fought, these full-time positions drastically decreased and the regiment, after a year or two of war, could only account for 30-40% of the initial state. It is estimated that approximately 137 cavalry regiments were formed in the CSA during the Civil War. The main weapon of a Confederate cavalry soldier was a pistol, preferred more than a carbine. Colt or Remington revolvers were most often used. Most of the cavalrymen carried two pistols to the saddles. The main melee weapon was a saber, and a model was often used The American Pattern of 1860 Light Cavalry Saber. It is worth adding that for a large part of the Civil War, the Confederate cavalry clearly towered above its counterpart in the north - it was much better trained (especially when it comes to equestrian elements), had higher morale, used better combat tactics and was usually better commanded. It is enough to mention such a Calvary talent as General Jeb Stuart.
The American Civic War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States of America (USA), called the Union during this war, and the Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as Confederation. The main cause of the outbreak of the war, among many others, also of considerable importance, was the announcement of the Confederation's secession (secession) from the Union. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army began to be built. In the case of the Union's army, the main type of armed force - when it comes to numbers - was the infantry. The infantry was formed into regiments that were divided into companies. The full-time US infantry regiments had 700-1000 men, especially at the beginning of the war, but in practice the force of the regiments was from 300 to 400 men. It is worth adding that the regiments were formed into brigades with the strength of about 1500-2000 people, and those into divisions. The basic weapon of a US infantry at that time was a rifle with a rifled barrel, often made by Spencer, with a caliber of 14.73 mm and an effective range of up to 500 meters. On top of that, of course, was the bayonet. It is worth adding that the Union's infantry was perceived as inferior to its Confederate counterpart. It often gave way to its morale and will to fight - especially in the initial period of a conflict. Often, especially at the division or corps level, it was also less well-commanded. On the other hand, it was better equipped, often also better nourished, and often outnumbered the enemy. With time, also, especially after 1863, the qualitative difference began to blur very much. It is worth adding that during the entire Civil War, the Union mobilized approx. 2.1 million people for arms, of which approx. 350-400 thousand. people died, and you can also find data that over 500,000 died. Union soldiers.